In this era of industrial automation, robots are used for handling various processes for precise and better quality of production. Choosing ideal motor for perfect robot is always a tough task while designing the robot especially for industries. Proper selection of electrical motors in industrial robots requires several parameters to take account for arm control, position, angular and linear movements.
There are many motor available in the market but selection of the motor is the important criteria for the proper functioning of the robot Basic criteria for the selection of the motor are its application in industry. Motors used in Industrial Robotics are Alternating Current (AC) Motors Direct-Current (DC) Motors Servo Motors Hybrid Stepper Motors for robotics. 1. AC motor can be further subdivided into asynchronous and synchronous types. For example, an induction AC motor is an asynchronous type unit that is essentially comprised of a wire-wound stator and a rotor. Power is connected to the wire and AC current flowing through it induces an electromagnetic (EM) field in the coiled wire, with a strong-enough field providing the force for rotor motion. Synchronous motors are constant-speed motors that operate in synchronism with AC line frequency and are commonly used where precise constant speed is required. 2. DC motors because of the ease of controlling speed and direction. They are capable of an infinite speed range, from full speed to zero, with a wide range of loads. Because DC motors feature a high ratio of torque to inertia, they can respond quickly to changes in control signals. A DC motor can be smoothly controlled to zero motion and instantly accelerated in the opposite direction without the need for complex power-switching circuitry. Permanent-magnet brushless DC motors are usually more expensive than brush types, although they can provide advantages in power consumption and reliability. Without a commutator, brushless motors can operate more efficiently and at higher speeds than conventional DC motors. Most brushless DC motors run on a trapezoidal AC waveform, but some of the motors operate with sine waves. Sine wave-driven brushless motors can achieve smooth operation a lower speeds with low torque ripple, making them ideal for grinding, coating, and other applications such as surface finishing. In case of Brushed DC motors, if you want your motor to rotate slower without losing power, you can use pulse width modulation (PWM). This basically means to switch the motor on and off very fast. This way, the motor rotates with a lower speed as if lower voltage would be applied without taking care of the power. Basically, the torque generated by a brushed DC motor is too small and the speed is too great to be useful. So, gear reductions are usually used to reduce speed and increase torque. 3. Servo motors are used in closed-loop systems with a digital controller. The controller sends velocity commands to a driver amplifier, which in turn feeds the servo motor. Some form of feedback device, such as a resolver or encoder, provides information on the servo motor’s position and speed. The resolver or encoder may be integrated with the motor or located remotely. Because of the closed-loop system, a servo motor can operate with a specific motion profile that is programmed into the controller. 4. Stepper motors can operate with or without feedback, with the rotation of the motor broken up into small angular steps. It is controlled by pulsed command signals, and can stop precisely at a commanded point without need for brakes or clutch assemblies. When power is removed, a permanent-magnet stepper motor generally remains in its last position. Multiple stepper motors can be maintained in synchronization by driving them from a common source. http://www.bigbubblers.com/forum/viewtopic.php?p=11568 https://trackthattravel.com/travelblog/1359
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